Herald and Review from Decatur, Illinois • Page 1

CATU THE WEATHER CLOUDY EDITORIALS PAGE 4 Trying to Bring Us In Xo Danger Threal-ens--Gen. Johnson's Writings What Is a Slave? Mamma Goes Places 1 HERALD FIFTY-FOURTH YEAR 12 Pages -THREE CENTS Illinois, TUESDAY MORNING, September 3, 1935 AMBASSADOR'S FLORIDA CITIES ONE DEAD IN COTTON MILL STRIKE RIOT PREPARE TO THREAT OF Labor Day Weekend Death Toll for Nation Near 200 Mrs. Robert Bingham, wife of the American ambassador to the Court of St. James, is bid farewell by two of the nurses of the London Clinic and Ntirsing Home as she prepares to leave the institution after, undergoing an operation that followed her sudden illness. WIFE BETTER ROCKFORD SCHOOL HEAD INSISTS ON PRETTY TEACHERS ROCKFORD (AF) Because he believes that every pupil "is entitled to a pretty teacher," W.

W. Anlronhrnnri "Rnrkffird's new SU- of schools has decreed that future, applicants for teaching positions must rate high in pul chritude. "The day of the old battle-ax in the city's educational system is definitely past," Ankenbrand said. "However," he added, "they need not be follies beauties, but they must be pretty." Supt. Ankenbrand, who came here from Mansfield, several days ago to assume-his new duties, already has filled a score of teaching positions.

Each of the new appointees rates high in looks, he said. BELIEVE SOVIET INCIDENT AT END Moscow Apparently Content to Let V. S. Have Last Word MOSCOW (AP) Russian officials showed no disposition Monday to deprive Secretary of State Hull of the last word in the incident which arose out of communist interna-tionale activities. They said laconically there is "no reaction" to report in connection with Hull's statement that future friendly relations between the nations depend on strict adherence by the Soviets to their pledge of noninterference with American affairs.

Foreign observers, who noted the statement was met with most complete silence, expressed the opinion both sides may now rest on their oars with little likelihood of an early repetition of the situation which gave rise to the protest. The United States' protest was based upon reports that participants in- the communist congress were planning anti-governmental activities in the United States. The Soviets, in reply, declined to assume responsibility for utterances of American communists in Russia or acknowledge a link between the Russian government and the Comintern. on this opportunity to try to destroy it. The President must be fully aware of this for he is heading the movement.

He is responsible. He has the power. He appointed them. He can remove them. He must be defeated if American ideals are.

to live." Col. Roosevelt charged that thet present administration "has squandered the wealth cf the nation and bound on the backs of our children a burden under which they will be struggling all their lives. "More wealth has been destroyed by this administration than ever V. tuian dnctrnvO in t1P tlisf orV of the world in" a like period, ex- cept by war or pestilence," col Roosevelt said in attacking the present farm program. Col.

Roosevelt charged the administration, instead of building up the purchasing power of those unable to buy proper food to achieve a "more abundant life for all," had "destroyed crops, destroyed food, destroyed capitaL food and wealth." to JIOLINE FLIER WINS CLASSIC SPEED EVENT Harold Neumann Drives Hastily Repaired Ship to New Victory TURNER DROPS OUT MUNICIPAL AIRPORT CLEVELAND (UP) Gunning his hastily repaired "Mister Mulligan" around the pylons at breakneck speed, Harold Neumann of Moline, I1L, late Monday added the -world's premier closed course air race trophy to his already lengthy record. Before a crowd of more than breathless spectators, Neumann flashed to victory in the Thompson trophy race, feature event of the 1935 national air raees. Rain Mars -Races Neumann's average speed for the race, which began during a light fall of rain, was 220.194 miles an hour. S. J.

Wittman of Oshkosh, was second, roughly 43 seconds be-j hind him. Wittman, flying a Witt-' man special, averaged 218.686 miles an hour. Turner Forced Out Neumann has been the speed star of the 1935 races, winning the third straight heat of the L. W. Greve Trophy event Sunday.

He won only after Col. Roscoe Turner, dapper, wax-moustached veteran of a million miles of air racing, was forced out of the race while leading. Turner's 1.000-horse-power motor developed, oil line trouble on the next to last lap and he was forced to land with victory almost within his grasp. By his victory, Neumann added $6,750 in prize money to the $4,500 he had won in previous events of the four-day program. Victory for Ships He also heaped additional glory on Benny Howard, designer' and builder of "Mister Mulligan." In the Bendix race from Los Angeles, last Friday, Howard himself piloted the big white cabin plane to victory- He made the 2,042 miles from tha west coast in just 231 seconds less time than Turner.

Neumann was one of the most daring pilots at the race. His plane always cut close to the pylons on the dangerous turns and he gunned his motors all the way. The minute Neumann got his feet on the ground after the race he sought out Turner to offer condolences. "Don't pity me. Congratulate me," Turner answered.

"I'm lucky to be alive." Turner said an attempt to keep from crashing into another ship caused him to drop from the race. His motor went bad, he said, when he opened the throttle to its fullest extent to avoid another plane on a pylon turn. "P.eally, I thought I was a goner," he admitted. "I was all ready to bail out, but decided to stick to the ship and try to make a landing. It was one of the closest shaves I've ever had." By being forced out of the race.

Turner lost his immediate chance to become the first flier ever to win the Thompson race twice. The only living winner of the event, except for Turner and Neumann, is Jimmy Doolittle, who has retired from air racing. Four other past winners have died in the wreckage of their planes. One of them, Doug Davis of Atlanta, crashed and died during the Thompson last year. Last Minute Repairs Neumann revealed that one of the cylinders on his plane was turned out during a qualifying speed dash this morning.

A few mechanics finished repairs only a few minutes before time for the race to begin. He took off without the benefit of a trial flight to test the repaired motor. Non-Stop Fliers Leave for Argentine MUNICIPAL AIRPORT, CLEVELAND (AP) Bound for the Argentine and a return flight in search a new world's non-stop distance flying record, James C. Prosser and Gilbert Stoll took off late Monday on their leisurely southward journey. They left hearing the cheers of thousands who had just witnessed the victory of Harold Neumann of Moline, 111., in the Thompson trophy 'ace at the National air races.

In their Bellanca monoplane they 111 fly by easy stages to Bahia Blanca, 400 miles south of Buenos Aires. The Cleveland fliers hope to set a new non-stop record on the fight back to Clpvpland. 6.400 miles- Huey Explains His Senate Filibuster OKLAHOMA CITY (UP) Sen. Huey Long Monday explained his filibuster during the closing hours of the last Congress as an effort to force the sharing of 200 million dollars of Frankie's five billion" the farmers. "It would still leave him plenty to run for re-election on." Long Wared to a cheering audience of 10.000 Labor day celebrants.

The gesticulating, fiery Louisiana Political ruler drew laughter and houts as he explained his filibus-. The gathering on the Oklaho-IB fair grounds contained listen-er from every rank, from the for-attired Mayor John Frank artinto relief recipients in slippers. HEADS FLEET IWIKUPH" Mm mm nwu Sir W. W. Fisher, commander-in-chief of the British Mediterranean fleet, who is leading the fleet abou his flagship Resolute, on "what is officially labeled its "second summer cruise" which is taking the warships to strategic locations in the semicircle around the Suez Canal.

ARREST PAIR AS KIDNAPERS Couple Involved in Bremer Abduction Taken in Florida ST. PAUL (AP) Myrtle Eaton and William Weaver, among 22 persons indicted for the two hundred thousand dollar Edward G. Bremer kidnaping, arrested near Allendale, Sunday, were brought here by plane Monday. Met at the airport by several carloads of armed officers, they were immediately taken to the federal building. Federat officials, who had at first declined to discuss their arrival, said they would be questioned and then lodged in the county jail pending arraignment.

There was no immediate announcement concerning the time of arraignment. On Chicken Ranch E. J. Connelly, special agent in charge of the Cincinnati bureau of the Department of Justice, announced that Weaver and Miss Eaton were arrested on a chicken ranch two miles south of Allendale, at 7 a. Sunday.

With them was a two years old boy, whom the couple, posing as Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Osborne, adopted several months ago.

Connelly said the Eaton woman, former wife of Clarence (Doc) Eaton, paroled life-termer, was living at the chicken ranch as the wife of Weaver. Has Criminal Record Weaver, 39 years old, has a long criminal record. He was convicted in April, 1925, cn a charge of murder and sentenced to a life term in the Oklahoma State prison at MaCalester. He was paroled June 20, 1931, but his parole was revoked August 15, 1932. In St.

Paul he was arrested August 2, 1932. on a charge of carrying concealed weapons. Released on $500 bail, he failed to appear for trial. The Eaton woman is charged as a conspirator in the Bremer kidnaping and Weaver was named as one of the actual kidnapers. MOTOR CYCLIST KILLED FOND DU LAC.

Wis. (AP) Wil-bert Sitter and Louis Markes, both of Oshkosh, were killed Monday when the motorcycle in which they were riding crashed head-on into an automobile about eight miles north of here. The motorcycle turnedV out to pass an automobile and smashed into the car driven by Albert Buel of Fond Du Lac. THE WEATHER FORECASTS FOR ILLINOIS Cloudy, rain in central and south, somewhat cooler in extreme south Tuesday; Wednesday partly cloudy. showers in extreme nortn aoout Tuesday night.

LOCAL WEATHER 7 a. m. 54 Noon 58 7 p. Highest Lowest Precipitation Sun rises Sun sets 56 58 53 .97 .5:2 .6:31 TEMPERATURES High Low Citv. 7 d.

m. Mon. Sun. Boston 64 68 58 New York ......64 66 62 Jacksonville 80 86 74 New Orleans ...84 92 78 Chicaeo .61 61 59 Cincinnati 60 62 56 Detroit 62 68 50 Memphis .....80 88 74 Oklahoma City 68 62 Omaha 60 62 56 Minneapolis .64 72 52 Helena 58 68 50 San Francisco ..54 60 50 Winnipeg 56 72 52 i MEET STORM HURRICANE HEADING TO INLAND AREA Storm Signals Flying From All Points on Both Sides of Peninsula JACKSONVILLE, Fla-, VP) Hurricane warnings were ordered extended around the entire shore line of extreme Southern Florida last night from West Palm Beach on the east coast to Punta Gorda on the Gulf of Mexico. MIAMI, (AP) Making a sharp swerve northward, a tropical storm sweeping inland with near hurricane force was reported by tu- weather ureau last night to be headed directly toward the winter playground of South Florida.

Hurricane warnings previously ordered up at Key West, at the southern tip of the peninsula, and at Everglades, a small mainland town on the gulf coast, were sud denly extended up the Atlantic side to a point about 70 miles nortn or Miami, and including Palm JBeacn and West Palm Beach. Near Winter Playground Lying in the probable path of the storm is the great Lake Okeechobee region where in 1928 upward of persons lost their lives in floods and high wind, and also the Moore Haven area on the southwest shore where scores perished in a hurricane in 1926. Earlier, the disturbance had been charted near the eastern entrance of the Florida straits, moving apparently in a direction which would have brought its center between Key West and Havana. Later advices indicated it had veered to a- north-northwest course, causing a new threat to the lower east coast. Strike Early Today Storm warnings were ordered on the coastline north of West Palm Beach to Titusville and were con tinued around the tip of the penin sula as far up as Sara60ta on the west coast.

The storm was expected to strike early Tuesday morning. The latest weather bureau advisory said the storm "will cause winds of about hurricane force ex treme Southern Florida and strong winds of Central Florida early Tuesday morning." Gusty Winds Strike Gusty wind heralding the approach of the storm struck parts of the mainland last night. In Miami Beach a five-story construction elevator at the site of an unfinished building was toppled over, but no damage resulted to surrounding property. The chief of police at Everglades, in the far southwest part ot tne state which virtually was wiped out by an earlier storm, reported last night many persons had left there, going to Fort Myers, about 75 miles north. Those remaining were battening down as residents of Key West had done earlier in the day.

Key West Digs In In Key West, site of a million dollar FERA "rescue" of a population stranded by economic storms, communications were badly affected. Telephone cbnnection with the mainland went out early tonight. legraph and railway cables kept the island city in touch with the outside world. Virtually everything movable was lashed fast in the probable storm area. City Boarded Up Key West is boarded up so tight you can't recognize it," said M.

E. Gilfond, administrator of the emergency relief's, rehabilitation pro gram here. Gilfond directed emergency crews making the city secure as possible against wind blasts. War veterans, engaged in a fed eral bridge project at Matecumbe on the Florida keys and lodged in (Continued on Page 2.) Knox and Landon "Good Men," Borah CHICAGO (AP) U. S.

Senator William E. Borah, Idaho Republi can mentioned as presidential timber, Monday placed the stamp of good men" on two other possiDie candidates for the White House: Governor Alfred M. Landon, or Kansas, and Col. Frank Knox, Chi cago publisher. "TheVre both eood men," aoiaa asserted in an interview when ask ed his opinion of William Ran dolph- Hearst's two "nominees as Republican successor to j-rannnu D.

Roosevelt- Ths THahn senator declined, how ever, to express a preference for either of the men. "I don't want to make any invidious comparisons," he explained. Whatever hopes he himself may have of becoming the nation's first citizens in 1936, the Idahban kept strictly to himself on his brier visit to his home state of Illinois. Fifteen Wounded When Workers, Pickets Fight at Plant RECALL TROOPS PELZER, S. C.

(AP) Cotton mill workers and strike pickets clashed Monday at the Pelzer Manufacturing company's plants here in bloody rioting which left one dead and at least 15 wounded. Attempting to operate without national guard troops on duty for the first, time since a strike was called on July 15, the company's main plant and its No. 4 unit, a mile were the scenes of gun fights. More than 500 shots were fired, witnesses said. Troops Return.

Governor Olin D. Johnston, who only last Friday declared a "state of insurrection" at Pelzer ended and withdrew troops after 35 days duty, immediately ordered two com panies here. Mrs. Bertha Kelly, 21, mother of two children, was killed in the first burst of gunfire at the main plant. J.

T. McDougal, 50, a watchmaker who was taking his son to work at the No. 4 plant was shot in the head and little hope was held for his recovery. Four In Hospital. Wounds of four others necessitated hospital treatment.

They were Clarence Dunlap, 40, shot in the leg, and Leslie Taylor, 25, wounded in the James Saxon, 30, shoulder and back wounds, and George Brade, 23, leg wound. While hospitals listed only 15 wounded treated. Major Frank Barnwell, of Florence, in command of the national guardsmen who took over the community law enforcement at 11 a. reported at least 22 were wounded. Breaks Picket Line.

The firing started' first at the main plant. J. C. Turner, clerk in a store just acoss from the plant. said pickets had formed lines and were holding those who wanted to work out of the mill, when R.

Mel ton broke the picket line in his automobile to take-his children to work about 6:10 a. m. "Right away the shooting started. Melton's windows were shattered and somebody jumped on his car and slugged him.i "In no time bullets were whistling everywhere. "Then some of the strikers set off about a half stick of dynamite out in the open.

It didn't do any-- harm and looked like it was just exploded to confuse everybody." Fighting Oyer in 5 Minutes. The fighting lasted only about five minutes, Turner said, but he estimated as high as 500 shots were fired here and at the No. 4 plant. The strikers were hidden behind an eight-by-ten piece of sheet iron near the door of the mil, he assert ed. "They had rifles, shotguns and pistols.

When the people going to work got within 25 yards, they cut loose with all they had and men and women went down everywhere. I didn't hear any words passed first. No officials were on duty at the plants at the time of the shooting. Members of the local union of the United Textile Workers struck last July 15 because of alleged dis crimination against union employes. Approximately 300 of the mills 1,200 workers joined the strike.

BELIEVE MINING MAN KIDNAPED Colorado Police Without Clues. in Hunt for Missing Man. COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (UP) Disappearance of Joseph W. Ady, Jr.4.

millionaire mine owner and mining engineer, last night led to fears that he had been kidnap ed. Ady dropped from sight last Fri day evening after arriving home for dinner. The disappearance was made public by Colorado Springs police in an appeal to other peace officers to watch for him. Although no ransom notes were received by Mrs. Ady, who greeted her husband last Friday and a half hour later discovered him missing, police could not explain his disappearance any other way.

Missing also was Ady's automobile which he parked in front of his home at 6:30 p. m. After telling his wife that he would be ready fo- dinner in half an hour, he mounted to a second floor bedroom. Half an hour later, Mrs. Ady called to him and he answered that he would, be down in a few minutes.

When she went upstairs a few minutes later, Ady was gone. She noticed the automobile was missing immediately. Prisoners to Be Tried for Robbery GRAYVILLE (AP) Sheriff Chester Pyle asked Monday that Cletus Mitchell and Duke Nye be brought here frem the Ohio state reformatory for trial on charges of robbing and attacking Mr. ana airs, jjaviu Hall of Carmi on Aug. 20.

Pyle said Mr. and Mrs. Hall had identified prison photographs of Mitchell and Nye. The two escaped from the reformatory Aug. 18, but hive been re-arrested and returned there.

death every 17 minutes for the weekend. California with 17 dead, .14 in the Los Angeles area, led the states in losses. Missouri was second with 16. Illinois was third with 13 motor fatalities and one pedestrian killed a traincrossing. Reporting at least 10 deaths were Ohio, New York and West.

Virginia. Iowa had nine, including five Worthington, residents, who were fatally injured when their car crashed into a bridge abutment as they were racing a train alongside the highway. Of the other states, Tennessee counted eight dead; Michigan seven; Georgia, Kansas and Okla homa six; Pennsylvania, Kentucky. Utah five. Four deaths each on the highways were reported over the weekend in Virginia and Maryland.

OHIO UNEMPLOYED POSTPONE MARCH ON STATE CAPITOL COLUMBUS, O. (AP) The Ohio Unemployed League encamped at the Ohio state fair grounds coliseum Sunday, postponing a march on the state capitol because all state offices were closed for labor day. William Truax, who called the march with the assertion the un employed would park on the capitol steps until Governor Martin L. Davey called a special session of the legislature to finance relief, estimated 1,250 members were encamped. Police investigated a report that 34 of the marchers had been poisoned by canned beef at the Sunday night meal.

Dr. Ernest Cox, order ed three of the sufferers to a hospital. PUSH MURDER CASE INQUIRY Youth Suspected of Com plicity in Lorius Case Still Held DALLAS, Tex. (AP) Police hsfd not made up their minds Monday whether a youth questioned about the strange disappearance of two Illinois tourist couples were involv ed in the case. We are neither sure this boy is connected with the Lorius-Heberer case -nor sure he is not," said Detective Captain Will Fritz.

Earlier, it had been reported the police were satisfied the youth was innocent. It was feared that Mr. and Mrs, George Lorius of East St. Louis. Ill and and Mrs.

Albert Heberer of Duquoin, 111., who disappeared somewhere in the Southwest last May, were slain and their bodies concealed. Find Forged Checks Forged travelers checks bearing the name of Lorius have oeen pass ed since their disappearance and their car was found abandoned in Dallas. Police here continued to question the suspect, who originally was de tained for investigation in a safe robbery. He was said to resemble the man who passed the forged travelers checks. "Failure of one man who knows the suspect to identify this boy does not mean he is not the want ed one." Captain Fritz explained.

"Three other men in Dallas wno cashed the forged checks will view him before he is released." The youth was held incommunicado, without charges being filed. Tools At a Restaurant If you were in the market for a tool kit, would you go to a restaurant to make the-pur-chase 1 you were in the market for a house or apartment, would you travel the streets Most people go to hardware stores for tools, and turn to Classified for a quick, convenient index of vacant property, Decatur Herald Classified Dept. Dial 5151 (By The Associated Press) Death traveled the highways of the nation on the Labor Day weekend, claiming its victims at the rate of nearly-three an hour. Monday night the fatalities for the country in motor accidents numbered 170; the seriously injured 113. There were at least 14 additional deaths from drownings and other accidents.

National Safety Council headquarters had estimated several days ago that between 350 and 400 traffic mortalities would result from what it termed "death's favorite holiday." Rains Hold Down Toll Unfavorable weather for traveling with widespread rains contributed, however, in some sections hold the casualty list under the council's forecast, which had estimated a rate of one automobile LEAGUE MUST ACT AT ONCE Italy Gives Delegate Or ders British War Likfe Moves Continue NEW YORK (UP) Britain and her colleagues in the League of Nations must decide this week, once and for all, whether Benito Mussolini's determination to conquer Ethiopia and add it to his colonial empire is to embroil Europe in the war. II Duce Monday called 200,000 additional men to the colors, told Baron Pompeo Aloisi to go to Ge neva and say Ethiopia must be ex pelled from the League or Italy will resign, and nfade it clear only superior force can stop him. Mobilize Tribesmen In Addis Ababa Emperor Haile Selassie recognized the imminence of Italian invasion and air raids when he issued a general mobili zation order to all his warriors and started them for the potential fight; ing fronts. Through hera secretary for league affairs, Capt. R.

Anthony Eden, Britain made another bid for French support by assuring Pre mier Pierre Laval London is whol ly disinterested in Emperor Haile Selassie's 50 million dollar oil and mineral concession to "Anglo-American interests." American Firm Eden told Laval flatly that while the concession was negotiated by a Briton Francis M. Rickett the money and the directorate for it is entirely American. That" put it up to President Roosevelt to determine whether a war on- East African territory from which American oil and min eral exploiters allegedly hope to wring vast fortunes would warranl United States intervention. British Stand Firm The larger issue determination whether Britain will back down on her assertion Mussolini may not have his way in Ethiopia remains to be settled when the statesmen of Europe gather about the coun cil tables at Geneva Wednesday. There was no indication Britain would back down.

Hence the danger that the threatened conflagration will not be confined to East Africa. British moves continued war like. Warships in Position The battleship' Resolution and the cruiser Despatch reached Alexandria, just a short run from Port Said the entrance to the Suez canal. The aircraft carrier Glorious the world's most formidable vessel of its kind was ordered from Malta to join the Men o'War at Alexandria. The Mediterranean fleet move ments raised the question as to whether Britain is preparing to close the Suez canal, II Duce's communication line with his legions in Africa.

Closing of the big ditch would precipitate war" between Italy and Britain. Harbor Mined At Valetta, Malta British Mediterranean fleet base the British took actions unprecedented in peace time. They mined the en trances to grand harbor with fixed depth charged and closed the base to traffic by slinging submarine nets hanging from pontoons all the way from Fort St. Elmo to the harbor jetties opposite. The Malta populace was 'instructed in the problem of meeting gas attacks and air raids.

Physicians Forecast Couzen's Recovery ROCHESTER, Minn. (AP) Mayo Clinic physicians Monday night said "indications are very favorable for the ultimate recovery" of Senator James Couzens of Michigan, a patient here for several "weeks during which he underwent four, at FIELD HANDS VOTE STRIKE Cotton PickerS- -Will. -At; tempt to Get $1 a Hundred for Work MEMPHIS, Tenn. (AP) Across the strife-scarred cotton fields of eastern Arkansas a new threat rumbled last night. H.

L. Mitchell, secretary of the Southern Tenant Farmers Union, announced the organization which claims a strength of 12,000 to 000, had voted a strike of cotton pickers working on a day labor basis. The walkout wpuld become effective at the call of strike committees. Expect Little Trouble The purpose of the strike, he said, would be to get a pay rate of $1 per hundred pounds of cotton picked. Plantation ODerators foresaw little possibility of disturbance, however.

"I don't think we're going to have any trouble at all," said J. Tompkins, cotton grower Ark. A spokesman of the growers at Marked Tree said he doubted that there would be any outbreaks. Time Uncertain Mitchell said the time of the strike would depend on the cotton picking season "which is a little slow this year." It would be possible in two or three weeks," he believed. Cotton pickers, said the union leader, have been offered from 50 to 60 cents per hundred pounds of picked cotton this year, some planters offering up to (5- cents.

MRS. DAVENPORT DIES WOODLAND, Mich. (AP) Mrs. Eugene Davenport, wife of the dean emeritus of the college of agriculture, University of Illinois, died at her home here today. She was married to Dean Davenport Nov.

22, 1881. I Col. Roosevelt Declares American Ideals Menaced ROCKFORD (AP) Col. Theodore Roosevelt, in an address last night at a three-county Republican rally, charged the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration with making a "consistent attempt to subvert our form of government and substitute therefor some hybrid importation from Russia, Germany or Italy." Inclement weather forced the rally indoors.

Original plans were to hold it in Sinnissippi park in what was to have been this city's first major Labor day celebration in many years. Last night pro gram was held in Shrine temple. Concentrate Powers The speaker charged that the President is "striving to concen trate in his hands dictatorial i1! II powers." "No one need tell me," he added, "that Frankfurter, Cohen, Tugwell. Corcoran, et al, do not know what they wish to attain. "All of them.

In my opinion. 'are men who hate our American form of government and have seized up- 4.